蜂蜜中蜡状葡糖杆菌分离鉴定及其体外解酒能力

侯宇婷，高西贝，张羽，张红城，韩冰

1.哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150000；2.中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所，北京 100193；3.江苏鸿祺生物科技有限公司，江苏 泰州 225300）

出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-06-13

基金资助:中国农业科学院创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2019-IAR）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-44-KXJ19）

摘要： 目的：从蜂蜜中筛选出具有解酒能力的益生菌，并对其进行全基因测序分析。方法：将蜂蜜中筛出的菌株通过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA测序和构建系统发育树进行分类学鉴定；通过溶血实验、明胶酶活性实验、硝酸盐还原及脱羧酶实验、抗菌药物敏感性实验、自聚集及疏水性实验评估菌株的益生特性。比较菌株对不同体积分数乙醇的利用能力，探索菌株的体外解酒活性。结果：本实验将蜂蜜中筛选出的菌株P-2鉴定为蜡状葡糖杆菌（Gluconobacter cerinus P-2），属于葡萄糖杆菌属，在溶血性方面安全，无明胶酶活性，不能还原硝酸盐，不会脱羧产胺，自聚集能力达到82.13%，疏水性达到37.74%；在酸性环境（pH 3）下的存活率为77.96%，在胆盐（0.3%）条件下的存活率为88.76%，对几种抗生素药物较为敏感。37 ℃条件下，在乙醇体积分数为4%和20%的溶液中加入16 mg蜡状葡糖杆菌P-2，经过30 min，乙醇利用率分别为61.49%和36.43%；经过1.5 h，乙醇利用率达到100%和63.38%。菌株P-2全基因测序分析结果为：全基因组大小3.17 Mb，平均GC相对含量55.62%；基因本体论注释中，菌株P-2具有较好的代谢能力、生物膜形成能力；蛋白质直系同源簇注释中，菌株P-2具有较强的转运代谢能力，不具有毒性和致病性，具有良好的自聚集能力，预测到有99%以上的概率为益生菌。结论：从蜂蜜中筛选出的蜡状葡糖杆菌P-2可加速乙醇在人体内的分解速率，具有较好的益生特性和益生菌应用前景。

关键词: 蜂蜜, 蜡状葡糖杆菌, 分离鉴定, 解酒

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to isolate probiotics with the ability to utilize alcohol from honey and conduct whole-genome sequencing analysis on the selected strains. Methods: The isolates were identified taxonomically by physiological and biochemical tests, 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic tree construction. Their probiotic characteristics were evaluated through hemolysis, gelatinase activity, nitrate reduction and decarboxylase, antibiotic sensitivity, autoaggregation and hydrophobicity tests. Meanwhile, their abilities to utilize ethanol at different concentrations was compared to explore their in vitro alcohol-degrading activity. Results: Strain P-2, isolated from honey, was identified as Gluconobacter cerinus P-2, belonging to the genus Gluconobacter. The strain showed neither hemolytic nor gelatinase activity, could not reduce nitrate, and did not decarboxylate amino acids to produce amines. Its autoaggregation capacity was as high as 82.13%, and its hydrophobicity was 37.74%. The survival rate was 77.96% in acidic conditions (pH 3) and 88.76% in the presence of 0.3% bile salts. This strain was susceptible to several antibiotics. After 30 minutes of culture at 37 ℃, the utilization rates of 4% and 20% ethanol by 16 mg of G. cerinus P-2 were 61.49% and 36.43%, respectively, which increased to 100% and 63.38%, respectively, after 1.5 hours. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the genome size of strain P-2 was 3.17 Mb with an average GC content of 55.62%. Gene ontology annotation indicated that strain P-2 had good metabolic capacity and biofilm-forming capacity, and clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) annotation revealed that strain P-2 had strong transport and metabolic capabilities, without toxic or pathogenic properties and with good autoaggregation properties. Probiotic prediction suggested a probability of over 99% for being a probiotic strain. Conclusion: G. cerinus P-2 can accelerate the breakdown of ethanol in the human body, showing promising prospects for probiotic applications.

Key words: honey, Gluconobacter cereus, isolation and identification, alcohol utilization

中图分类号: 

TS207.4

原文链接：https://www.spkx.net.cn/article/2025/1002-6630/2025-46-13-010.html

前沿的科学研究正不断揭示天然产物（如蜂蜜）中蕴藏的无限可能，正如上述研究从蜂蜜中成功筛选出具有解酒潜力的蜡状葡糖杆菌。这项研究本身，就离不开对蜂蜜基质精准的组分分析。将这样的实验室发现转化为安全、可靠的功能性产品，每一步更离不开贯穿始终的精准质量监控。

无论是评估益生菌发酵底物——蜂蜜的品质（如水分、酸度、果糖葡萄糖比例、蔗糖残留以及判断新鲜度的关键指标羟甲基糠醛等），还是确保最终产品不含农药残留、重金属等安全风险，高效、精准的检测技术都是保障科研成果顺利产业化的基石。

辰安智检（上海）科学仪器有限公司，正是您在这一过程中的可靠伙伴。我们自主研发的食品品质检测仪，能够快速、准确地完成上述所有蜂蜜品质指标的检测，同时我们的多参数食品安全检测平台，更可为从原料到成品的全链条安全保驾护航。

 如果你想了解更多食品品质检测仪，请致电辰安智检（上海）科学仪器有限公司。联系电话： 13162117033     13127644428